In most modern product development efforts, prototype design is a direct extension of the design of the product itself. Following an initial stage of intense drawing and brainstorming, most contemporary product development is performed on a computer. Rapid prototype machines such as 3D plotters and stereolithograph machines allow product development teams to quickly and easily translate the computer design into a physical model.

This wasn't always the case, however. For most of the 20th century, talented sculptors and product designers had produced most physical prototypes by hand. From initial concept sketches came detailed drafts of the object, which were then crafted into block models made from clay or some type of synthetic material.

Though block models offered an idea of the dimensions of the object, the final stages of prototype design necessitate that the model simulates not only the size of the final product, but the weight, finish, colors, and texture as well. After a few more intermediate stages, functional devices that were virtually indistinguishable from the real products were produced as the last test before production. This type of prototype, which is still used today, is produced as a test not only of market value and appeal, but also of manufacturing processes.

Some Concerns of Prototype Designers

Skilled prototype designers can produce an object that is functional, producible, and appealing to consumers. Increasingly, the form and features of a product must also differentiate the product from others in the market, or the product may risk less-than-ideal success compared to products that are already established in the market. Product development is also increasingly linked to marketing, pushing businesses to develop unified and comprehensive product design and launch strategies.